{
  "schema_version": "1",
  "method": "paired-annual-series-v1",
  "publication_release_id": "wdi-2026-07-13-65f3182fd0d9+release-12de64a1-a47a-4ba3-9c4f-624be3639a4e",
  "definition": {
    "schema_version": "1",
    "series_ids": [
      "series.south-africa.electricity-consumption",
      "series.south-africa.gdp"
    ],
    "from_year": null,
    "to_year": null,
    "mode": "values",
    "base_year": null
  },
  "aligned_periods": [
    "2000",
    "2001",
    "2002",
    "2003",
    "2004",
    "2005",
    "2006",
    "2007",
    "2008",
    "2009",
    "2010",
    "2011",
    "2012",
    "2013",
    "2014",
    "2015",
    "2016",
    "2017",
    "2018",
    "2019",
    "2020",
    "2021",
    "2022",
    "2023"
  ],
  "interpretation": [
    "These are different measures. Raw values keep separate units; differences between them are not calculated.",
    "A shared reporting year does not establish causation or make different measurement definitions equivalent."
  ],
  "inputs": [
    {
      "series_id": "series.south-africa.electricity-consumption",
      "series_slug": "south-africa-electricity-consumption",
      "series_release_id": "release-12de64a1-a47a-4ba3-9c4f-624be3639a4e",
      "dataset_id": "wdi-electricity-consumption",
      "metric_key": "metric.electricity-consumption",
      "metric_label": "Electricity consumption",
      "definition": "Annual net electric power consumption across an economy, divided by its midyear population, in kilowatt-hours per person.",
      "methodology": "WDI publishes IEA energy statistics from national energy agencies, adjusted to international definitions. Net consumption accounts for electricity production, trade, losses and generating plants’ own use, then divides by midyear population.",
      "caveats": [
        "This includes electricity across economic sectors; it is not household electricity consumption or an electricity bill.",
        "IEA source coverage and methods can change, producing breaks in time series. The source describes a different calculation convention for the United States.",
        "Consumption does not measure supply reliability, outages or electricity access.",
        "Missing years remain missing. An association with economic output does not establish causation."
      ],
      "unit": "kWh/person",
      "unit_label": "kilowatt-hours per person",
      "frequency": "Annual",
      "geography": {
        "id": "south-africa",
        "name": "South Africa",
        "code": "ZAF"
      },
      "source_url": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC?locations=ZAF",
      "source_collection_updated_at": "2026-07-13",
      "source_published_at": null,
      "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03T23:10:41.752Z",
      "license_name": "CC BY 4.0 · World Bank additional terms",
      "license_url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/public-licenses#cc-by",
      "attribution": "The World Bank: World Development Indicators: IEA Energy Statistics Data Browser, International Energy Agency (IEA), uri: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser, publisher: International Energy Agency (IEA), date accessed: 2025-03-25. Indicator EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC.",
      "observations": [
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          "source_note": "",
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          "source_note": "",
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          "source_note": "",
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          "source_note": "",
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          "source_note": "",
          "source_release_id": "wdi-2026-07-13-65f3182fd0d9"
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          "source_note": "",
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          "source_note": "",
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          "source_note": "",
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      ]
    },
    {
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      "series_slug": "south-africa-gdp",
      "series_release_id": "release-12de64a1-a47a-4ba3-9c4f-624be3639a4e",
      "dataset_id": "wdi-gdp",
      "metric_key": "metric.gdp",
      "metric_label": "Total GDP",
      "definition": "Total annual economic output of an economic territory, expressed in US dollars at constant 2015 prices.",
      "methodology": "WDI combines official national accounts, OECD national accounts files and World Bank estimates, following System of National Accounts standards. Constant-price output is rescaled to a common 2015 reference year and expressed in US dollars.",
      "caveats": [
        "This is total economic output, not output per person, household income or wealth.",
        "Constant 2015 US dollars are not purchasing-power-parity dollars. Economy size and population strongly influence total levels.",
        "National accounts coverage, rebasing, estimated informal activity and methods differ; revisions and breaks in series can occur.",
        "Comparing GDP and electricity over time describes association, not a causal effect."
      ],
      "unit": "USD_2015",
      "unit_label": "constant 2015 US$",
      "frequency": "Annual",
      "geography": {
        "id": "south-africa",
        "name": "South Africa",
        "code": "ZAF"
      },
      "source_url": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD?locations=ZAF",
      "source_collection_updated_at": "2026-07-13",
      "source_published_at": null,
      "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03T23:10:41.752Z",
      "license_name": "CC BY 4.0 · World Bank additional terms",
      "license_url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/public-licenses#cc-by",
      "attribution": "The World Bank: World Development Indicators: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB). Indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.",
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    }
  ],
  "article": {
    "id": "south-africa-electricity-output",
    "title": "Electricity and economic output: two South African signals.",
    "method": "Shared present annual observations. Original values keep original units.",
    "index": {
      "base_year": 2000,
      "formula": "Each series value / its own value in the shared base year * 100",
      "interpretation": "Proportional change only; neither causation nor equivalence of original units."
    }
  }
}